[Middle East & Africa] [2009.07.23]Put a proper procedure in place埃及总统之位交替，需要合适的程序 埃及总统, procedure, place, Put, proper

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Egypt after Hosni Mubarak 胡斯尼•穆巴拉克时代若是结束，埃及将何去何从？ Put a proper procedure in place 埃及总统之位交替，需要合适的程序 Jul 23rd 2009 | CAIRO From The Economist print edition The president’s ill-health and refusal to retire is bad for everyone’s nerves 总统健康不佳，却拒绝退休，令国人担忧 I’m not going yet 我这把老骨头还没死呢！ THE question of Hosni Mubarak’s succession is once again cropping up with increasing regularity as whispers of the president’s ill-health spread. It was widely rumoured that, shocked by the death of his favourite grandson from illness in May, Mr Mubarak had a mild stroke. He was not seen in public for a week. When he reappeared, he looked frailer. When Barack Obama came to Cairo a fortnight later to deliver his momentous speech to the Muslim world, Egypt’s 81-year-old president failed to turn up. More recently, however, he has made an effort to appear at carefully orchestrated public outings. This week he was hobnobbing with President Nicolas Sarkozy in Paris. 埃及总统胡斯尼•穆巴拉克健康状况不佳，流言蜚语广为传播；而现在关于穆巴拉克后继之人的议论亦是愈演愈烈。据传言，五月份穆巴拉克总统最疼爱的孙子死于疾病，穆巴拉克受此打击，遭受一次轻微中风。整整一周他都没有向公众露面；而后重新露面时，样子更显虚弱。两周后，美国总统奥巴马访问埃及，在开罗向穆斯林世界发表重要演讲，这位八十一岁高龄的埃及总统却没能露面。不过他作出了努力，在最近一次精心安排的公众活动中出席；并在这周与法国总统萨科齐在巴黎进行亲切会谈。 There is no clear succession, yet the issue has nagged Egyptians (and foreigners who watch the Arab world’s most populous country, 80m-strong) for a good decade. After heading the air force, Mr Mubarak became vice-president in 1975, then succeeded to the top job after Anwar Sadat was assassinated by Muslim fundamentalists after making peace with Israel. Since then, he has refused to drop any hint about the succession, presumably because he thinks that by doing so he would set off an ugly power struggle that could lead to his own speedy retirement. 关于总统之位的继承没有定论，但这个问题整整十年来一直困扰着埃及国人（以及那些关注这个拥有高达八千万人口，即阿拉伯国家中人口最多的国度的外国人士）。穆巴拉克成为埃及空军首领后，于1975年担任埃及副总统；前总统萨达特因与以色列缔结和约，遭到伊斯兰原教旨主义者的刺杀，穆巴拉克随后成功获得此高位。从那以后，穆巴拉克拒绝透露有关于总统之位交替的半点风声。据有人推测，这是因为穆巴拉克认为消息透露将会激起一场难以收拾的权利之争，而此争斗会逼着他尽早退休。 President Mubarak has never appointed a vice-president, which some constitutional lawyers deem illegal. In the case of his death or permanent incapacity, Parliament’s speaker becomes an interim president for up to 60 days but cannot then run for president. If the speaker is for some reason unavailable, the chairman of the Constitutional Council takes the interim presidency under the same terms. The constitution cannot be changed nor the government dismissed during this period. 穆巴拉克总统从未任命任何副总统在身边，这一点部分宪法律师认为是不合法的。倘若穆巴拉克过世或是因为身体原因而永久性无力持理政务，议会发言人将成为临时总统，但任期不能超过六十天，并且不能参与总统选举。若由于某种原因没有合适的发言人担任，宪法委员会主席在同样条件下担任临时总统。在此期间，任何人不可更改宪法和解散政府。 For four of his five six-year terms, Mr Mubarak has been nominated by Parliament as the sole candidate, then confirmed in a popular referendum. But in 2005, under American pressure, Mr Mubarak brought in a constitutional amendment to let a multiplicity of candidates run for president in direct elections, though they had to be put forward by legally recognised political parties. Official results gave him a laughable 89% of the vote against nearly 8% for his main challenger, Ayman Nour, who was later sentenced to five years in prison on dubious fraud charges. 在穆巴拉克共三十年的五连任中，有四次作为议会唯一候选人提名，再通过大众公投确定。2005年在美国的施压下，穆巴拉克通过宪法修正案，容许直接选举中有多名候选人参加总统竞选；而这些候选人必须由合法政党推举。官方结果显示，穆巴拉克夸张地得到了89%的投票，其主要竞争对手艾曼•努尔只得到了大约8%的投票；后者随后因怀疑有选举舞弊而被判五年监禁。 The names of the favourites to succeed Mr Mubarak have been bandied about for years, though neither of the two front-runners has ever openly said he wanted the top job. Mr Mubarak’s son Gamal, who runs the ruling National Democratic Party (NDP), has won the support of businessmen for promoting economic reforms since 2004. The other main contender is General Omar Suleiman, who has run the intelligence service since 1991. Involved in every regional conundrum, such as efforts to reunite the Palestinians and bring them to a peace deal with Israel, he is generally admired by his counterparts. Other names are occasionally aired, such as Mohamed ElBaradei, who since 1997 has headed the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN’s nuclear watchdog; he is due to step down in November. Another is Amr Moussa, a popular former foreign minister of Egypt who since 2001 has run the 22-member Arab League. 最受公众喜爱、可能继承穆巴拉克总统之位的几个人物已传了好几年，不过其中两个最有可能的人——穆巴拉克的儿子贾迈勒•穆巴拉克和埃及情报部部长奥马尔•苏莱曼将军——都没有公开表示有意愿担任这个最高职位。作为埃及国家民主党主席，贾迈勒2004年推行经济改革，得到一大批商人的支持。而另一位主要竞争者奥马尔从1991年开始担任情报部部长，对于每一个区域问题的解决都有贡献。与巴勒斯坦重结连理，与以色列缔结合约，都有他的一份功劳；在同行中，奥马尔备受尊敬。除了这两位之外，也有其他人偶尔有所报道，比如穆罕默德•埃尔巴拉迪，1997年开始担任联合国原子核能监督委员会——国际原子能机构主席，11月份将卸任；另外一位就是广受欢迎的前埃及外交部长穆萨，2001年起他担任阿拉伯22国联盟秘书长。 But in the end it usually comes down to Gamal versus Omar. Egyptians are divided over who is likely to prevail and who would run the country better. The younger Mubarak, at 46, has established himself as heir apparent by drawing new blood into the NDP and backing technocratic reform. A former investment banker, he is more relaxed than his father at smart gatherings such as the annual forum in Davos. He surrounds himself with some of Egypt’s richest people. Constitutional amendments passed in 2007 restrict eligibility for presidential elections. As a result, some say that no other candidate or political force will be able to oppose him as the ruling party’s likely candidate. 不过到最后结果总是变成贾迈勒与奥马尔之间的竞争。埃及国内分成了两派，一派支持更受人欢迎的一位；一派支持更能执政的一位。贾迈勒较为年轻，现年46岁。他作为一股新鲜血液注入埃及国家民主党，支持技术改革，倒更像位总统继承人。之前贾迈勒当过投资银行家，比起他的父亲，他更擅长于应对各种聚会，包括每年在达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛。他的周围聚集着埃及最富有的人。2007年通过宪法修正案，对总统选举的资格设置了一些限制。因此，有人评论没有任何候选人或者政治力量能够与贾迈勒相匹敌，成为执政党的候选人。 But critics say Mr Mubarak junior lacks a popular touch and that an inheritance of power would not be welcomed by most Egyptians or by the armed forces—and they have been the regime’s backbone since the Free Officers overthrew the monarchy in 1952. “If [President] Mubarak disappears, there will be a political vacuum,” says Osama al-Ghazali Harb, a former friend of the younger Mubarak who has become an opposition politician and prominent commentator. “The military is the only institution able to fill that vacuum, and there will be tanks on the street.” 但也有评论家表示小穆巴拉克尚缺少与群众的普遍联系，而且大部分埃及人和军队势力都不太喜欢袭位式的政治权利交替。1952年埃及“自由军官”组织推翻了君主制，由此军队势力成为现在埃及政治体制的主要支持力量。以前是小穆巴拉克的朋友，现今成为反对党政客的著名评论家乌萨马•铝加扎利•哈布说道：“如果穆巴拉克总统去了，就会出现一个政治真空。军队是唯一可以填补这一真空的组织，到时大街上必将坦克横行。” In this view, General Suleiman, aged 73, would become president in a constitutional coup, which Mr Harb hopes might then prompt a transition to more democratic politics. But Mr Suleiman’s own relations with senior military men are not always clear. Military politics is murky. Succession in each Arab state seems to follow its own rules and, after Mr Mubarak dies, a power-grabbing junta cannot be ruled out. 根据这种观点，现年73岁的苏莱曼将军会在政变后成为总统。哈布期望政变能够促进埃及向更民主的政治方向转变。但苏莱曼自身与那些资深军官的关系并不总那么明朗，军事政治总是浑浊不清。在每个阿拉伯国家，似乎政治权利的交替都是按照自己的规则进行；穆巴拉克死后，不能排除在埃及形成一个夺取政权的军政府的可能。 The succession debate has spilled into Facebook and Twitter, where young Egyptians row over the candidates’ merits. Even the Muslim Brotherhood, the only strong political force outside the regime’s control, is divided over whether it should stand fiercely against the inheritance of power. 在Facebook和Twitter网站上，埃及的年轻人就总统候选人的是是非非已经吵得不可开交；现在关于总统之位如何交替的讨论又开始涛奔浪涌：到底应不应该激烈反对政治权利的袭位式继承。即使是穆斯林兄弟会，这个唯一强大但不受政体控制的政治力量也因为这个问题分成了两派。 The uncertainty is again making a lot of Egyptians nervous. Speculation is rising that the older Mubarak may step down before the next presidential election in 2011. Every political development in the country, however banal, tends to be seen in the light of the succession. It hinders the steady running of the country, and hampers a healthy debate, even within the confines of the ruling establishment. It is bad for Egypt. 这种不确定性再次引起了埃及人的忧虑。有猜测老穆巴拉克会在下次总统选举，也就是2011年前退位。埃及的每一支政治力量，不管有多平庸，都希望沾总统交替的光，增加知名度。即使这一切都是在统治机构的可控制范围内，但也阻碍了埃及的平稳发展和良性竞争。对于埃及来说，这很糟糕。

T.i.n.g227

貌似小斌很喜欢意义哈，，中文挺好的古，很顺，不过我觉得能直译就直译

第一段：THE question of Hosni Mubarak’s succession is once again cropping up with increasing regularity as whispers of the president’s ill-health spread.

埃及总统胡斯尼•穆巴拉克健康状况不佳，流言蜚语广为传播；而现在关于穆巴拉克后继之人的议论亦是愈演愈烈。

红色字体漏译，If something crops up, it appears or happens, usually unexpectedly.

第六段：As a result, some say that no other candidate or political force will be able to oppose him as the ruling party’s likely candidate.

因此，有人评论没有任何候选人或者政治力量能够与贾迈勒相匹敌，成为执政党的候选人。

小斌，我觉得你这里理解的是对的呀，就是likely漏译了古

第七段：But critics say Mr Mubarak junior lacks a popular touch and that an inheritance of power would not be welcomed by most Egyptians or by the armed forces

但也有评论家表示大众对小穆巴拉克缺少一种在情感上的触动，而且大部分埃及人和军队势力都不太喜欢家族式的政治权利交替。

“情感上的触动”？这是不是有点太远了呀？是不是说不怎么受欢迎呢？

  “家族式的政治权利交替”，袭位应该更简单些古

第八段：Military politics is murky. Succession in each Arab state seems to follow its own rules and, after Mr Mubarak dies, a power-grabbing junta cannot be ruled out.

在每个阿拉伯国家，似乎政治权利的交替都是按照自己的规则进行；穆巴拉克死后，不能排除在埃及形成一个夺取政权的军政府的可能。

   后面的语气是非常肯定的吧，应该是肯定会出现

第九段：The succession debate has spilled into Facebook and Twitter, where young Egyptians row over the candidates’ merits. Even the Muslim Brotherhood, the only strong political force outside the regime’s control, is divided over whether it should stand fiercely against the inheritance of power.

在Facebook和Twitter网站上，埃及的年轻人就总统候选人的是是非非已经吵得不可开交；现在关于总统之位如何交替的讨论又开始涛奔浪涌：到底应不应该激烈反对政治权利的家族式继承。即使是穆斯林兄弟会，这个唯一强大但不受政体控制的政治力量也因为这个问题分成了两派。

  小斌，merits就是指好的方面古。

whether it should stand fiercely against the inheritance of power. 现在关于总统之位如何交替的讨论又开始涛奔浪涌，，太意译了吧=。=！~~~

最后一段：Speculation is rising that the older Mubarak may step down before the next presidential election in 2011. 有猜测老穆巴拉克会在下次总统选举，也就是2011年退位。

rising没译，还有是2011年前

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2# T.i.n.g227

恩，我是比较倾向于意译吧，觉得如果全都直译，感觉中文太奇怪了。

1）        cropping up 我觉得是与后面的increasing regularity不可分割，相当于讲中文里的一个动作——传播开来，
           如果一定要加上去的话，就是“出现的流言蜚语广为传播”，觉得中文太繁琐了，意义也差不多，所以。。。。
2）        likely 跟上面差不多的道理，感觉可译可不译。。。
3）        这个Touch之前理解为动词的感动了。所以就。。。现在又看了看我觉得意思应该是与大众们的联系，所以改了过来，
4）        改过来哦。先前是觉得有个词可以的，但就是想不起来哦
5）        不能排除。。。的可能，双重否定应该就是肯定了吧？
6）        Merits确实很有意思，理解成功绩应该也是对的，翻的时候查了字典，在pl.的时候有功过的意思。
          见：：It is difficult to judge a man's merits properly only by the historical records in the book.
                        只根据书中的历史记载，很难正确的判断一个人的功过。（http://www.nciku.com/search/en/detail/merits/1273025）
7）        Thanks for your careful reading.----hoho~t.t

T.i.n.g227

小斌，供参考哈，crop up phr v
if a problem crops up, it happens or appears suddenly and in an unexpected way
= arise 有带点突然的味道
if something such as a name or a subject crops up, it appears in something you read or hear
= come up
　Your name kept cropping up in conversation.

merit，我在字典上查不到你说的那个意思，高中的牛津第六版，不过盗版的就带回家了，
参考：
柯林斯高阶英语词典     
merit  
1.merit
If something has merit, it has good or worthwhile qualities.
The argument seemed to have considerable merit.
Box-office success mattered more than artistic merit.
Your feature has the merit of simply stating what has been achieved.
N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp

2.merit merits
The merits of something are its advantages or other good points.
They have been persuaded of the merits of peace.
...the technical merits of a film...
It was obvious that, whatever its merits, their work would never be used.
N-PLURAL: usu with poss

3.merit merits meriting merited
If someone or something merits a particular action or treatment, they deserve it. (FORMAL)
He said he had done nothing wrong to merit a criminal investigation.
Such ideas merit careful consideration.
VB
= deserve
4.merit
If you judge something or someone on merit or on their merits, your judgement is based on what you notice when you consider them, rather than on things that you know about them from other sources.
Everybody is selected on merit.
Each case is judged on its merits.
PHR: PHR after v

朗文：
merit 1  
mer·it1 /ˈmerɪt/ n
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: merite, from Latin meritum, from merere 'to deserve, earn']
[C]
an advantage or good feature of something
merit of
　The film has the merit of being short.
　The merit of the report is its realistic assessment of the changes required.
　The great merit of the project is its flexibility and low cost.
　Each of these approaches to teaching has its merits.
　Tonight's meeting will weigh up the relative merits of the two candidates.
formal
a good quality that makes someone or something deserve praise
　 There is never any merit in being second best.
have (some) merit/be of merit
(=be good)
　The suggestion has some merit.
on merit
　All students are selected solely on merit (=because they are good) .
artistic/literary merit
　a film lacking any kind of artistic merit
judge/consider etc sth on its (own) merits
to judge something only on what you see when you look at it rather than on what you know from other people or things
　It's important to judge each case on its merits.


merit 2  
merit2 v [T not in progressive] formal
to be good, important, or serious enough for praise or attention
= [url=dict://key.D4722835273E184582F2D24696A738EA/deserve]deserve[/url]
　The results have been encouraging enough to merit further investigation.
　It's a fascinating book which merits attention.


牛津

merit  
noun, verb
noun
(formal) the quality of being good and of deserving praise, reward or admiration: a work of outstanding artistic merit ◆ The plan is entirely without merit. ◆ I want to get the job on merit. ◆ He was awarded a certificate of merit for his piano playing.
[C, usually pl.] a good feature that deserves praise, reward or admiration: We will consider each case on its (own) merits (= without considering any other issues, feelings, etc.). ◆ They weighed up the relative merits of the four candidates.
verb (not used in the progressive tenses) (formal) to do sth to deserve praise, attention, etc.Synonym: DESERVE [VN] He claims that their success was not merited. ◆ The case does not merit further investigation. [also V -ing]

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ting, 开始工作了，都没来上了啊，
以上问题，我查的是在线字典，这个我也不知道了，经典字典会不会是比较“规矩”，所以就。。。，极有可能——是意译

希望过路客，帮帮忙，说出你的想法哈～～