[The environment] Building ecotopia打造生态乌托邦

小棉袄

The environment

Building ecotopia 打造生态乌托邦
Nov 19th 2008
From The World in 2009 print edition
By Natasha Loder
The world’s first carbon-neutral 1city 全球首座碳排放为零的城市

James Sillavan

Although most cities seem to form by accident, for thousands of years some of them have been designed. Whether for defence, beauty or practicality, urban designers have imposed their ideas of what a city should be about. But ideas are subject to changing needs and fashions. Centuries ago, a moat or a castellated wall would have been de rigueur. Now, greenery is in vogue. While existing cities look for ways of becoming more environmentally friendly, a number of new ones are planned that intend to be totally green.
虽然大多数城市看上去是偶然成型的，但数千年来，他们当中有一些是经过了规划的。
不管这些设计是出于防御、美观还是实用的目的，城市设计师已将他们对一座城市的理念贯穿进去了。不过，这些理念会随着变幻莫测的需求和潮流而转变。几个世纪以前，一条护城河或者一面城型围墙本应是必不可少的。如今，环保理念才是王道。当现存的城市正在寻求加强环保的途径之时，一些新建的城市被设计走彻底环保的道路。


China is planning several eco-cities, including Dongtan—built on behalf of the Shanghai Industrial Investment Corporation by a British construction firm, Arup. 2 By 2010 the first stage of this carbon-neutral city will supposedly be ready to accommodate 10,000 people. But Dongtan will be pipped at the green post 3 by Masdar City 4in Abu Dhabi, designed by Foster + Partners. It will also run on renewable energy sources and with a zero-carbon and zero-waste design. It is due to complete the first phase of its design in 2009.
中国正准备打造一批生态城市，包括由英国奥雅纳工程顾问公司代表上海工业投资公司修建的东滩。预计到2010年，这座碳排放为零的城市的第一期工程完工时，可住10,000人。不过，东滩在绿色榜上要稍逊于阿布扎比的由福斯特事务所设计的马斯达城。同样这座城市也使用可循环使用的能源，并采用零碳、零废物的设计。2009年时初期设计将完工。

Masdar, which means “the source”, is a 1,500-acre (six-square-km) project including housing, commercial and manufacturing space for eco-friendly products and a university. In 2009 the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MIST) 4, which will be dedicated to renewable energy, will open its doors. In the coming year, says Khaled Awad, director of property development at Masdar, the city will also have a 10mw photo-voltaic光电 farm.
马斯达的含义是“能源”，这项工程占地1500英亩（6平方千米），囊括了住宅区、商业区和生态友好的工厂区域，还有一所大学。2009年马斯达科学技术学院专注于可循环使用的能源将敞开大门招收学生。明年，马斯达城的房地产开发总监Khaled Awad透露，还将有一座发电量10兆瓦的光电发电厂。

By 2010 Masdar will be able to accommodate 2,000 people but ultimately it will be home to 50,000. Most of the city’s electricity will come through solar power. Renewables will also support a desalination plant that will provide fresh water.
到2010年，马斯达能够住进2000人，最后逐渐达到50，000人。大多数电力通过太阳能提供。可循环使用的能源也会提供给会生产干净水的脱盐加工工厂。

Creating the city is a feat of integration, says Mr Awad, requiring a fusion of technologies, systems and policies. Finding ways of using less energy and water has been a crucial part of the planning. Through a smart metering system, at any given moment a citizen of Masdar will be aware of how much energy, water and carbon he or she is consuming compared with the average citizen.
“打造这样一座城市是整体化的壮举，”Awad说道，“这需要技术、体制和政策的融合。” 找到节约用电、用水的方法已成为设计中至关重要的部分。通过一个智能的测量系统，马斯达的居民在任何时候都可以知道到跟全城的人均消耗相比，有多少能源、水和碳被他或她消耗掉了。

Down town
There is, though, more to this picture of ecotopia than meets the eye. A huge degree of central planning, control and even restrictions on individual freedoms is needed to make Masdar work. The city will make many decisions that residents elsewhere would take for themselves. Cars will not be permitted (the city provides electric pods to transport people and goods), and starting a business is not straightforward. Commercial activities will be restricted to those that “add value” to the city. To keep Masdar carbon-neutral, businesses that use lots of hydrocarbons will not be welcome. (But they presumably have to continue to exist somewhere, even if they are not on Masdar’s carbon balance sheet.) Will such a paternalistic city work well? Social factors are crucial in getting cities to hum.
然而，在这张生态乌托邦的宏图下面，还隐藏着一些其它的东西。马斯达的正常运转在很大程度上都需要中央规划和控制，甚至要对个人的自由加以限制。城市官方将为居民做出很多决策，而在其它地方，这些决策是由居民自己决定的。小轿车将被禁止使用（城市将提供用于客运和货运的电车），创办商业也不是那么轻而易举。商业活动将仅限于那些能够为城市带来“附加值”的行业。为了使马斯达碳排放为零，涉及许多碳氢化合物的行业不受欢迎。（可以断定，即使这些行业不在该城的用碳量规划书上，它们还会在某处继续存在下去。）。这样一座强制性管理的城市会健康发展吗？社会因素对促使城市发展意义重大。

Masdar’s advertising states that “one day, all cities will be built like this.” This is not the case. For one thing, Masdar is experimental and a work in progress. What emerges will not necessarily translate well elsewhere. Courtyards and corridors that channel breezes and are cooled by photo-voltaic panels are not right for northern Europe. Each green city, says Arup, is unique, and getting it to work depends on its location and economy.
马斯达的广告语是“有一天，所有的城市都会以我们为榜样”。其实不然。一个原因是，马斯达是一个试验性的、正在建设中的城市。其所采用的一些做法移植到其它地区不一定会就适合。引导清风的庭院和走廊以及为之降温的光电板都不适合北欧。每一个环保城市，奥雅纳认为，都是独一无二的，要成功转变必须依赖它的地理位置和经济状况。

Every aspect of Masdar has been designed. That will appeal to some people, and deter others. One surprising feature is that it has walls. The walls are to protect the city from the harsh, hot winds of the desert. As all fashionistas know, if you wait long enough certain designs, whether it is flares or miniskirts, come around again. So this trendy green city will be wearing walls.
马斯达的每个方面都经过规划。这会吸引一些人，也会受到一些人的不满。一个让人吃惊的特征是马斯达有城墙。这些城墙是用来阻挡从沙漠吹来的沙尘热风。正如所有时尚追求者都懂得那样，如果你对某个设计样式耐心等待，不管是喇叭裤还是超短裙，都会重新流行起来。所以，这座引领潮流的环保城市会穿上城墙外衣。

注释：
1. "carbon neutral”,一个2006年的年度新词汇，中文意思指的是“碳中和”。所谓碳中和，是计算二氧化碳的排放总量(calculating your total climate-damaging carbon emissions)，然后透过植树等方式，把这些二氧化碳的排放量吸收掉(balancing your remaining emissions)，以达到环保的目的。
2. 奥雅纳工程顾问于1946年在英国成立，是全球最大、最成功的工程顾问公司之一。http://baike.baidu.com/view/1738321.htm

3. 福斯特事务所：Norman Foster诺曼·福斯特创办，建筑学学士（曼彻斯特大学），建筑学硕士（耶鲁大学），英国皇家建筑师学会会员。http://baike.baidu.com/view/196956.htm

4. 马斯达城介绍：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar_City

[ 本帖最后由 小棉袄 于 2008-12-4 16:38 编辑 ]

vagrant

拍斑竹需要有点而勇气，一不小心，这手里的大号砖头就拍到自己头上来了:Q 不过我连老大都敢拍，也就不考虑那么许多了。


Although most cities seem to form by accident, for thousands of years some of them have been designed.

虽然大多数城市看起来是随性规划的，但一些千年古城是经过了设计的。

虽然大多数城市看上去是偶然成型的，但数千年来，他们当中的一些是经过规划的。


While existing cities look for ways of becoming more environmentally friendly, a number of new ones are planned that intend to be totally green.

当仍在的那些古城寻找可以使环境变得更加友好的途径时，许多新兴城市正着手准备走彻底环保的道路。

当现存的城市正在寻求加强环保的途径之时，一些新建的城市被设计为彻底的环保。



But Dongtan will be pipped at the green post by Masdar City in Abu Dhabi, designed by Foster + Partners

不过，东滩比不上阿布扎比的由福斯特事务所设计的马斯达城。

不过，东滩在绿色榜上要稍逊于马斯达城，后者由福斯特事务所设计。



By 2010 the first stage of this carbon-neutral city will supposedly be ready to accommodate 10,000 people.

到2010年，这座碳排放会达到零的城市初期规划容纳1万人口。

预计到2010年，这座碳排放为零的城市的第一期工程完工时，可住10,000人。


In the coming year, says Khaled Awad, director of property development at Masdar, the city will also have a 10mw photo-voltaic farm

明年，马斯达财产发展指导Khaled Awad认为还有一座发电量10兆瓦的光电发电厂。

马斯达城的房地产开发总监Khaled Awad透露，。。。


but ultimately it will be home to 50,000

最后逐渐达到5000人。

50,000


Renewables will also support a desalination plant that will provide fresh water.

可循环使用的能源也会提供给脱盐作物，这些作物会提供干净的水。

plant 是工厂的意思


Creating the city is a feat of integration

打造这样一座城市是团结心的考验

。。。整体化的壮举


Finding ways of using less energy and water has been a crucial part of the planning.

找到低能耗和让水资源在此次规划变重要的方法。

找到节约用电，用水的方法已成为设计中至关重要的部分。



There is, though, more to this picture of ecotopia than meets the eye.

然而，生态乌托邦的蓝图更加壮丽。

然而，生态乌托邦的宏图之上还有一些人眼看不到的东西。


A huge degree of central planning, control and even restrictions on individual freedoms is needed to make Masdar work. The city will make many decisions that residents elsewhere would take for themselves. Cars will not be permitted (the city provides electric pods to transport people and goods), and starting a business is not straightforward. Commercial activities will be restricted to those that “add value” to the city.

马斯达的打造需要大规模的中心规划、控制和对个人自由进行限制来互相配合。会有让许多其他城市的居民受影响的决策。不允许开车（可以开载人和运货的电动车），不能直接开张营业。各种商业活动会受到城市“附加值”的限制。


马斯达的正常运转需要很大程度上的中央规划和控制，甚至要对个人的自由加以限制。城市官方将为居民做出很多决策，而在其它地方，这些决策是由居民自己决定的。小轿车将被禁止使用（城市将提供用于客运和货运的电车），创办商业也不是那么轻而易举。商业活动将仅限于那些能够为城市带来“附加值”的行业。


But they presumably have to continue to exist somewhere, even if they are not on Masdar’s carbon balance sheet.

但是还是会继续经营一段时间，即时他们不在马斯达碳平衡的规划图上。

可以断定，即使这些行业不在该城的用碳量规划书上，它们还会在某处继续存在下去。



Masdar is experimental and a work in progress. What emerges will not necessarily translate well elsewhere.

马斯达是试验性质的，正在不断改进中。所有出现的状况不一定会被妥善处理。


马斯达是一个试验性的，正在建设中的城市。其所采用的一些做法移植到其它地区不一定会好。


Courtyards and corridors that channel breezes and are cooled by photo-voltaic panels

引导清风的庭院和走廊以及降温的光电板

引导清风的庭院和走廊以及为之降温的光电板

[ 本帖最后由 vagrant 于 2008-12-1 08:22 编辑 ]

小棉袄

原帖由 vagrant 于 2008-11-30 22:42 发表
拍斑竹需要有点而勇气，一不小心，这手里的大号砖头就拍到自己头上来了:Q 不过我连老大都敢拍，也就不考虑那么许多了。


Although most cities seem to form by accident, for thousands of years some of them  ...

我就不是那种人，我喜欢拍我的，谁拍得厉害我越喜欢谁:loveliness:

感谢你花时间点评，很多地方我都接受你的版本，因为比我准确和简洁，正是我追求的……:victory:

but ultimately it will be home to 50,000

最后逐渐达到5000人。

严重质疑自己不正常？最近我怎么老是在数字中出错？:L

There is, though, more to this picture of ecotopia than meets the eye.

然而，生态乌托邦的蓝图更加壮丽。

然而，生态乌托邦的宏图之上还有一些人眼看不到的东西。
这句我理解错了，我觉得还可以美化成：然而，这张生态乌托邦的宏图里没有尽显所有内容。你觉得呢？


[ 本帖最后由 小棉袄 于 2008-12-1 17:53 编辑 ]

vagrant

然而，生态乌托邦的宏图之上还有一些人眼看不到的东西。
这句我理解错了，我觉得还可以美化成：然而，这张生态乌托邦的宏图里没有尽显所有内容。你觉得呢？
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感觉还不是非常到位（包括我的翻译）。这句话本意是说前面谈过了具体的东西，现在来谈点抽象的吧，但这里加了一个转折，意思为前面谈了好的东西，现在来谈点不太好的吧。

也许可以这样翻，

然而，在这张生态乌托邦的宏图下面，还隐藏着一些其它的东西。

这里我用下面和隐藏表示看不见，并用隐藏暗示那不是什么好东西。

我提供的译句只是为了表明我的想法，并不是想要你原封不动地采用，你完全可以根据自己的构思来决定取舍和修改。

[ 本帖最后由 vagrant 于 2008-12-3 03:46 编辑 ]

小棉袄

是啊？我也觉得还是差点……暂时用你的版本吧！