互联网的危险 潜伏的过滤器 083 Books and arts - Dangers of the internet.mp3 Jun 30th 2011 | from the print edition The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is Hiding From You. By Eli Pariser. Penguin Press; 294 pages; $25.95. Viking; £12.99. Buy from Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk 《过滤器泡泡：互联网对你隐藏了什么》埃利•帕雷瑟著。
是否互联网本身具有支持民主作用的问题近来成了一个热门话题，尤其是阿拉伯之春的出现，它为争论双方提供了论据。1月出版的“The Net Delusion”一书中，莫洛佐夫抨击了互联网作为一种解放和独立力量的“网络乌托邦”的优点，他指出互联网可以很容易的被用成一种镇压工具。和莫洛佐夫随意轻快的反偶像主义相比，帕雷瑟的观点是值得注意的，他从公开进步的出发点批评互联网。
Call a friend in another city or a foreign country, and ask them to Google something at the same time as you.
当你用谷歌搜索某事时，给你住在另外一个城市或外国的朋友打个电话，让他们用谷歌搜索你搜索的事物。
＝＝＝
那个them换成him会不会人称比较统一点啊；句子似乎有点长～～
致电另一个城市或外国的朋友和你同时用google搜索同样的条目……
Call a friend in another city or a foreign country, and ask them to Google something at the same time as you.
原译:当你用谷歌搜索某事时，给你住在另外一个城市或外国的朋友打个电话，让他们用谷歌搜索你搜索的事物。
评: 2楼说的就不说了。我想补充的是，尤其像我们这样中英文尚没有达到”大家“水平的译员来说，直译一则省事，二则当你不理解原文的时候，它能帮你避免一些不必要的错误。
Invisible sieve
Hidden, specially for you
潜伏的过滤器【--专为你而设的】
Jun 30th 2011 | from the print edition
The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is Hiding From You. By Eli Pariser. Penguin Press; 294 pages; $25.95. Viking; £12.99. Buy from Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk
《过滤器泡泡：互联网对你隐藏了什么》埃利•帕雷瑟著。
ELI PARISER is worried. Why? Call a friend in another city or a foreign country, and ask them to Google something at the same time as you. The results will be different, because Google takes your location, your past searches and many other factors into account when you type in a query. In other words, it personalises the results. As Larry Page, the chief executive of Google, once put it, “the ultimate search engine would understand exactly what you mean, and give back exactly what you want.” Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google, muses that someday it might be possible for people to ask Google which college they should apply for, or which book to read next.
埃利•帕雷瑟非常担忧。为什么呢？当你用谷歌搜索某事时，给你住在另外一个城市或外国的朋友打个电话，让他们用谷歌搜索你搜索的事物。搜索结果是不同的，因为在你输入搜索的问题时，谷歌会综合考虑你的位置，你过去的搜索情况以及其他很多因素。换句话说，谷歌使搜索结果个性化。谷歌首席执行官拉里•佩奇曾经说过“终极搜索引擎可以准确的理解你的意思，并精确的反馈出你想要的结果。”谷歌执行总裁埃里克•施密特说，有朝一日谷歌也许可以指导你申请那所大学，或者推荐你读那本书。
This is only one example of internet personalisation. Mr Pariser, an internet activist best known as a leading light at MoveOn.org, a progressive online campaign group, sees this as a dangerous development. Netflix, Amazon and Pandora can predict with astonishing accuracy whether you will enjoy a particular film, book or album, and make appropriate recommendations. Facebook shows you updates from the friends you interact with the most, filtering out people with whom you have less in common. “My sense of unease crystallised when I noticed that my conservative friends had disappeared from my Facebook page,” Mr Pariser writes. The result is a “filter bubble”, which he defines as “a unique universe of information for each of us”, meaning that we are less likely to encounter information online that challenges our existing views or sparks serendipitous connections. “A world constructed from the familiar is a world in which there’s nothing to learn,” Mr Pariser declares. He calls this “invisible autopropaganda, indoctrinating us with our own ideas”.
这仅仅是互联网个性化的一个例子。作为一个在线进步组织MoveOn.org的重要人物而出名的互联网激进分子，帕雷瑟把这看成一个危险的发展方面。网飞公司、亚马逊公司和潘多拉公司可以以惊人的准确度预测出你是否喜欢某一电影、书籍和唱片，并适当的进行推荐。脸谱网可以更新出你最常联系的朋友，过滤掉和你共同之处较少的人。帕雷瑟写到“当我看到我内向的【保守的】朋友从我的脸谱页面上消失时，我不安的感觉更加强烈”。这是 “过滤器泡泡”的结果，他把它解释为我们每个人独有的信息空间，这意味着我们不太可能在网上看到挑战我们自己观点的信息或者偶然发现与之相关的信息。帕雷瑟说到“一个由熟悉事物构成的世界是一个没有任何东西可学的世界”，他称这为“用我们自己的思想教导我们的一个看不见的自动【自我】宣传器”。
It all sounds scary. Mr Pariser concedes that there is a good reason for all this personalisation and filtering. When so much information is available, it makes sense for websites you visit to filter it using information about you, your interests and your friends. Essentially, you trade personal information in return for more useful results. But this neuters the internet’s potential to break down social barriers between people or groups who might otherwise not connect with each other. “We’re getting a lot of bonding but very little bridging,” Mr Pariser worries. Worse, as the internet becomes an increasingly important source of information (it is now second only to television as a source of news in America, and is already the main source of news for the under-30s) people will be invisibly steered away from important issues that are unpleasant or complex, such as homelessness or foreign policy. Mr Pariser is concerned, in short, that because of personalisation, the internet is failing to live up to its “transformative promise”.
这听起来很恐怖。帕雷瑟承认对互联网的个性化和筛选作用有一个合理的解释。当可以获取很多信息时，你所访问的网站筛选出你正在使用的信息、你的兴趣和你的朋友是有道理的。实质上，你在用你的个人资料交换更多的有用信息。但是这限制了互联网打破人或群体之间社会障碍的潜力，如果不这样【没有互联网的这个潜力】，人们也许不会相互交流。帕雷瑟担心“我们得到了很多联系【亲密感情的培养】，但是几乎没有架起沟通的桥梁”。更糟糕的是，随着作为消息源的互联网日益重要（在美国，互联网现在是仅次于电视的第二大新闻信息源，并且它已经是30秒以内新闻的主要信息源），人们将会不自觉地避开一些令人不愉快的或复杂的重要问题，例如无家可归或对外政策。总之，帕雷瑟担心由于个性化，互联网做不到其“变革【大改造】的诺言”。
The question of whether the internet is inherently pro-democratic has become a hot topic lately, particularly in the light of the Arab spring, which has provided ammunition for those on both sides of the argument. In “The Net Delusion”, which came out in January, Evgeny Morozov attacked what he called the “cyber-Utopian” view of the merits of the internet as a force for liberation and empowerment, pointing out that it can just as easily be used as a tool of repression. Mr Pariser’s thesis is noteworthy because in contrast with Mr Morozov’s gleeful iconoclasm, he is critiquing the internet from an openly progressive starting-point.
是否互联网本身具有支持民主作用的问题近来成了一个热门话题，尤其是阿拉伯之春的出现，它为争论双方提供了论据。1月出版的“网络错觉”一书中，莫洛佐夫抨击了互联网作为一种解放和独立力量的“网络乌托邦”的观点，他指出互联网可以很容易的成为一种镇压工具。和莫洛佐夫的【随意轻快的】反偶像主义相比，帕雷瑟的观点是值得注意的，他从公开进步的出发点批评互联网。
Mr Pariser’s book provides a survey of the internet’s evolution towards personalisation, examines how presenting information alters the way in which it is perceived and concludes with prescriptions for bursting the filter bubble that surrounds each user. Some of the author’s suggestions make sense: there is unquestionably a case for internet firms to give users more control over the personal information being held about them. You can also turn off personalisation in many cases. And if you are still worried about filter bubbles, you can favour sites that are transparent about the ways in which they filter and present information (though that rules out Facebook and Google, Mr Pariser’s main villains, both of which regard their filtering algorithms as trade secrets).
帕雷瑟的书有一个对因特网向个性化演变过程的调查，它调查了每个用户在过滤器泡泡围绕的条件下，呈现的信息是怎么改变它被感知和以此得出结论的方式。作者的一些建议是言之有理的：无疑互联网公司所掌握的用户个人信息给予了用户较大的压力【互联网公司掌握了用户的个人信息，互联网公司无疑地应该给予用户对这些信息有更多的控制】。在许多情况下，你也可以取消互联网个性化。如果【这些还不够，】你还担心过滤器泡泡，你可以使用过滤和呈现信息方式透明的网站（但是这排除了帕雷瑟的主要批判对象脸谱和谷歌，他们俩都把他们的过滤方法视为商业机密）。
Some of Mr Pariser’s other ideas, however, are less convincing. He proposes that big internet companies appoint independent ombudsmen, like those at newspapers. He advocates systems to promote more serendipity (by which he seems to mean randomness)—Amazon could recommend books outside your usual genres, for example, just in case you like them. Another suggestion is that filtering algorithms could be complemented by human editors who show you worthy things you ought to see, as well as things the algorithms calculate you will want to see. That will simply open internet firms, like news providers, to accusations of bias. Strangest of all, Mr Pariser calls for an “active promotion of public issues and cultivation of citizenship” by big internet firms. Whether or not you agree with Mr Pariser’s prescriptions, however, there is no doubt that his book highlights an important and easily overlooked aspect of the internet’s evolution that affects everyone who uses it.
然而，帕雷瑟的其他【其它】一些观点没有什么说服力。他提议大互联网公司应该设置监察员【为客户服务的调查员】，就像报刊业一样。他提倡更多的促进意外发现的体制（这儿他似乎是表达随意性【偶然性】）—例如，以防你喜欢上他们【----move this to later】，亚马逊可以推荐一些你平时所读类型书以外的书籍 -- 说不定你会喜欢这些书呢。另外一个建议是，告诉你应看有意义东西的人工编辑和计算出你想看的东西的算法对筛选方法进行补充【过滤的自动算法应该有真人的编辑作补充，真人的编辑可以告诉你值得看的东西，自动算法告诉你会想看的东西】。就像消息提供者一样，这是对互联网公司偏好的公开谴责【这个建议会给导致互联网公司被指控有偏见，就像新闻提供商会被指控有偏见一样】。最奇怪的是，帕雷瑟要求大互联网公司对公共问题和公民的教化进行积极的关注。不管你是否同意帕雷瑟的解决方法，无疑他的书强调了互联网演变过程中重要而又容易忽视的方面，这个演变过程影响了每个用户。
谢谢
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